过去分词作定语作表语作宾语补足语作状语 1．过去分词作定语 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.  上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.  当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2．过去分词作表语 The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被动） 背单词的好方法 随时随地背单词 不知不觉背单词 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶） newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳） the changed world（变了的世界） 这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3．过去分词作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week.  上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 4．过去分词作状语 Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.  受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten.  一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间） Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.  如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.  虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步） Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.  心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。 How to Study for a Test or Final The end of the term is drawing near，and that means final exams are on the way.  36     The most important thing you can do is to give yourself plenty of time to prepare. Then follow this plan： Start Early Gather all the material you've received during the term. Read through your class notes twice. Some things will sound familiar and some things will sound unfamiliar. That's normal. Establish a Study Group or Partner. Schedule at least one meeting time with a study partner or study group. If you can't completely get together，then exchange email addresses.   37   Collect your old exams from the year (or semester) and make a photocopy of each one. Write out the test answers and copy each one again. Use Old Tests  38     To get the best results, you should make several copies of each old exam and keep taking the tests until you score perfectly on each one. Build up Your Class Notes. Organize your notes by date and make note of any missing dates/pages. Get together with a study partner or group to compare notes and fill in any missing material.  39  Everybody zones out once in a while. After you organize your new set of notes, underline any key words formulas, themes, and con¬cepts. Make yourself a new practice test with fill-in sentences and term definitions. Print out several tests and practice several times. 40  Then exchange. Make Use of Old Assignments. Gather some old assignments and redo the exercises. Review the exercises until you can every question easily. A. Instant messages will work well, too. B. Have a set of practice tests. C. How can you give yourself a chance to improve your scores? D. You might find one that makes something clear for the first time. E. Ask the members of your study group to make practice tests as well. F. Don’t be too surprised if you missed key information from the lectures. G. Have your friend or study partner raise questions and compare them.